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Tuesday, 18 December 2018

General Science **VITAMINS**

Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which are concerned with the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat in the body. Thus, they are intimately involved in the mechanism which releases energy, carbon dioxide and water as the end products of metabolism. Vitamins can be broadly divided into Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamins A  D   E  and  K are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B ( B1  B2   B6  B12 ) and C are water-soluble.
Vitamin - A
Year1913
 Retinol
Main Metabolic FunctionEssential for normal growth and development.
For normal function of epithelical cells and normal development of teeth and bones.
Prevents Night blindness.
Deficiency - EffectsRetarded growth.
Reduced resistance to infection.
Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts due to altered epithelial membranes.
Interferes with production of "night purple".
AvailableMilk, Egg yolk, Ghee, Butter, Carrots, Tomatoes, Leafy and Yellow vegetables, Cod liver oil and Fresh fruits.
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A D V E R T I S E M E N T
NatureFat-Soluble
Vitamin - B1
Year1936
 Thiamin
Main Metabolic FunctionAn important aid in carbohydrate metabolism.
Needed for Proper functioning of the digestive tract and nervous system.
Beriberi.
Loss of muscle.
Deficiency - EffectsLoss of appetite.
Impaired digestion of starches and sugars.
Various nervous disorder coordination.
 
AvailablePeas, Beans and Cereals.
NatureWater-Soluble
Vitamin - B2
Year1935
 Riboflavin
Main Metabolic FunctionNeeded in formation of certain enzymes and in cellular oxidation.
Prevents inflammation of oral mucous membranes and the tongue.
 
Deficiency - EffectsImpaired growth, lassitude and weakness.
Causes cheillosis or glossittis.
May result in Photophobia and cataracts.
 
AvailablePeas, Beans and Cereals.
NatureWater-Soluble
Vitamin - B6
Year1934
 Pyridoxine
Main Metabolic FunctionActs as do other B vitamins.
To break down protein, carbohydrate and fat.
Acts as a catalyst in the formation of niacin from tryptophan.
Deficiency - EffectsIncreased irritability, convulsions and peripheral neuritis.
Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
 
AvailablePeas, Beans and Cereals.
NatureWater-Soluble
Vitamin - B12
Year1948
 Cyanocobalamin
Main Metabolic FunctionEssential for development of red blood cells.
Required for maintenance of skin, nerve tissues, bone and muscles.
 
Deficiency - EffectsResults in pernicious anaemia.
Weakness, fatigue, sore and cracked lips.
 
AvailablePeas, Beans and Cereals.
NatureWater-Soluble
Vitamin - C
Year1919
 Ascorbic Acid
Main Metabolic FunctionNeeded for form the cementing substance, collagen, in various tissues (skin, dentine, cartilage and bone matrix).
Assists in woundhealing and bone fractures.
 
Deficiency - EffectsLowered resistance to infections.
Susceptibility to dental cavities, pyotthea and bleeding gums.
Delayed wound healing.
Specific treatment for Scurvy.
AvailableFresh vegetables, Lemon, Orange, Tomatoes, Cabbage , Turnip and Lettuce (Beetroot).
NatureWater-Soluble
Vitamin - D
Year1925
 Cholecalciferol
Main Metabolic FunctionRequlates absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract.
Affords antiachitic activity.
 
Deficiency - EffectsInterferes with utilisation of calcium and phosphorus in bone and teeth formation.
Development of bone disease, rickets and caries.
 
AvailableButter, Milk, Ghee, Cod liver oil, Yolk of Eggs and also in Sunrays.
NatureFat-Soluble
Vitamin - E
Year1936
 Tocopherols
Main Metabolic FunctionProtects tissues, cell membranes and Vitamin A against peroxidation.
Helps strengthen red blood cells.
 
Deficiency - EffectsDecreased red blood cell resistance to rupture.
AvailableGerminating Wheat.
NatureFat-Soluble
Vitamin - K
Year1935
 Phytomenadione
Main Metabolic FunctionEssential for formation of normal amounts of prothrombin and blood coagulation.
Deficiency - Effectsdiminished blood clotting time.
Increased incidence of hemorrhages.
AvailableFish, Wheat and Oats.
NatureFat-Soluble

Monday, 17 December 2018

প্র্যাক্টিস সেট

Wbcs exam 2019 এর জন্য খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই

Friday, 19 October 2018

10 questions from Chemistry

1) Which among the following was first human-made plastic?
 [A] Bakelite [B] Polyethene [C] Celluloid [D] Nylon

2) Amalgam’ is a term used for an alloy of a metal with : 
[A] Copper [B] Mercury [C] Lead [D] Aluminium

3) The Potassium graphite and Calcium Graphite can be mostly used as which among the following? 
[A] Moderators [B] Semiconductors [C] Superconductors [D] Lubricants 

4) The colors in the fine cut diamond are because of which among the following? 
[A] Variance in transparency of diamond [B] Variance in index of refracti [C] Presence of Impurities [D] Existence of definite planer layers

5) Acetylene cannot be safely pressurized as a pure compound. Which among the following is used for safe storage and transportation of Acetylene? [A] Kerosene [B] Acetone [C] Vinegar (Acetic Acid) [D] Propylene glycol

6) Which among the following substances is being used most commonly for producing synthetic jet Fuel? [A] Coal [B] Natural Gas [C] Plastic Waste [D] Biom

7) Pyrolusite, Braunite, Psilomelane and Rhodochrosite are the ores of which among the following:  1. Manganese  2. Aluminium  3. Copper  Choose the correct option: [A] Only 1 [B] Only 1 & 2 [C] Only 3 [D] Only 1 & 3

8) For respiration in deep sea, divers use mixture of: [A] Oxygen and helium [B] Oxygen and hydrogen [C] Oxygen and carbon dioxide [D] Oxygen, Helium

9) The minimum temperature at which a combustible substance catches fire is called: [A] fireless temperature [B] ignition temperature [C] static temper [D] optimum temperature

10) Haber Process is used to produce which among the following? [A] Potash [B] Ammonia [C] Urea [D] Nitrates

***ANSWERS*** 

1)C [  he first human-made plastic was made by Alexander Parkes in 1855, when he synthesized celluloid. The new discovery found its use in photographic films  but it could not be used for making containers or insulators for electric circuits.  The first true plastic was made in 1909 by Leo Baekeland, who synthesized Bakelite. The hard plastic could be used to make handles, auto parts, etc. The First World War witnessed improvements in the manufacture of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, which found use in plumbing equipment and electric wire insulation. Nylon was synthesized in the 1930s. By 1950, plastics became quite popular and as a result we can see them everywhere today]. 

2)B, 3)C, 
4)C.  [Pure diamond should transmit visible light and appear as a clear colorless crystal. Colors in diamond originate from lattice defects and impurities. The diamond crystal lattice is exceptionally strong and only atoms of nitrogen, boron and hydrogen can be introduced into diamond during the growth at  significant concentrations (up to atomic percents). Nitrogen gives yellowish color while the Boron gives bluish color. ] 

5)B. 6)A 7)A 8)A 9)B 10)B

Thursday, 18 October 2018

Current Affairs

Daily CA One Liners , 

18 October 2018 .



● India's 1st Cryptocurrency ATM Installed In Bengaluru


● Government Launches ' Swastha Bharat Yatra ' Campaign For Food Safety


● Muzaffarpur’s ( Bihar ) Shahi Litchi Gets Geographical Indication ( GI ) Tag


● ' Maharana Pratap : The Invincible Warrior ' : A Book Authored By Rima Hooja Released


● Akash Malik Wins India’s Maiden Archery Silver At Youth Olympic Gamea


● Former Uttar Pradesh / Uttarakhand CM N.D. Tiwari Passes Away


● Arundhati Bhattacharya Is Appointed As Additional Director Of Reliance Industries Ltd.


● First National Summit On Invest In AYUSH Held In New Delhi


● Rani-Jhansi Flyover Inaugurated In New Delhi


● More Than 40% Of The World’s Stunted Children Live In India : Report By NGO Sukarya


● IIT Bombay Topped In QS India University Rankings 2019


● India’s Highest Tricolor Unfurled At Haj House In Mumbai ( 20×30 Feet And 350 Feet Above The Ground )


● Vice President Attends 12th Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Summit In Brussels , Belgium


● India Ranked 58th Most Competitive Economy In WEF Index


● Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe Is On 3 Day Official Visit To India


● India To Host Global Aquaculture Conference In Chennai In 2019 For First Time


● Welspun Group Chairman Balkrishan Goenka Is New Assocham President


● SAIL Receives First National Award For Excellence In Cost Management


● China Has Successfully Tested The World's Largest Unmanned Transport Drone ' Feihong-98 '


● 45 Indian Companies Participating In Expo Cihac In Mexico City


● Stephen Hawking’s Book “ Brief Answers To The Big Questions ” Launched . 




Mini mock ... Attempt free

Attempt Quiz

10GK/DAY

Day -5 

{18 oct 2018}

1).The ‘Misl’ of which Ranjit Singh was the leader, was
a)    Sukerchakia
b)    Ahluwalia
c)    Phulkia
d)    Ramgarhia

2).Who among the following was the first woman Chief Justice of a High Court?
a)    Geeta Mukherjee
b)    Leila Seth
c)    Sujata Manohar
d)    Rani Jethmalani

3).Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Awards are given for
a)    Excellence in film direction
b)    Outstanding contribution to science
c)    Exploring new dimensions in creative writing in Indian languages
d)    Creating mass awareness on environmental issues

4).The first Indian to swim across English Channel was
a)    PK Benerji
b)    Mihir Sen
c)    V Merchant
d)    Aarti Saha

5).The United Nations Organiztion came into existence on
a)    Oct 24, 1945
b)    Dec 24, 1945
c)    Aug 30, 1945
d)    None of the above

6).The headquarters of UNESCO is in
a)    New York
b)    The Hague
c)    Paris
d)    Moscow

7).Which among the following Indian artists is the winner of the Oscar Award?
a)    Dilip Kumar
b)    Bhanu Athaiya
c)    Shyam Benegal
d)    Rohini Hattangadi

8).Saraswati Samman is given annually for outstanding contribution to
a)    Literature
b)    Education
c)    Fine arts
d)    Classical music

9).Moortidevi Award is given annually in which of the following?
a)    Literature
b)    Journalism
c)    Films
d)    Music

10).’Heart to Heart’ is a book written by
a)    M J Akbar
b)    Prem Shankar Jha
c)    K Natwar Singh
d)    Mani Shankar Aiyar

Answers:                         
1). a) 2). b) 3). b) 4). b) 5).a ) 6).c ) 7).b ) 8).a ) 9).a ) 10).c )


Wednesday, 17 October 2018

10GK/DAY

Day-4

17 oct 2018

1). Grassland is called ‘Pampas’ in
a)    Africa
b)    South America
c)    The United kingdom
d)    The USA
2). The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called
a)    Isthumus
b)    Oceanic ridge
c)    Continental shelf
d)    Caspian Sea
3). The International Date Line passes through
a)    Red Sea
b)    Bering Strait
c)    Palk Strait
d)    Caspian Sea
4). Which one among the following is a ‘hot spot’ for biological diversity in India?
a)    Western Ghats
b)    Sundarbans
c)    Chilika Lagoon
d)    Eastern Ghats
5). The longest river of Peninsular India is
a)    Narmada
b)    Godavari
c)    Mahanadi
d)    Cauvery
6). Mangrove forests in India are confined to
a)    Himalayan Foothills
b)    Riyer Valleys
c)    Western Ghats
d)    Deltaic Coasts
7). How are legislative excesses of Parliament and Assemblies checked?
a)    Intervention from President / Governor
b)    No confidence motions
c)    Judicial review
d)    General elections
8). Under the Directive Principles of State Policy, upto what age of the children, they are expected to be provided free and compulsory education?
a)    14 yr
b)    15 yr
c)    16 yr
d)    18 yr
9). Why was the Simon Commission boycotted by the Indians?
a)    It did not include any Indian as a member
b)    If did not have any women member
c)    It was appointed before the stipulated time
d)    It refused to meet prominent Indian Leaders
10). The declaration of Constitutional Emergency in an Indian State has to be approved by the Parliament within a period of
a)    2 months
b)    4 months
c)    6 months
d)    12 months

Answers:
1).b)   2).c)   3).b)   4).a)   5).b)   6).d)   7).c)   8).a)   9).a)   10).a)  

General Science **VITAMINS**

Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which ...